Definition
The bundler network is a coordinated layer of infrastructure composed of multiple bundlers that collectively handle user operations in an account abstraction environment. It functions as a specialized relay and aggregation network that sits between smart wallets and the base blockchain, focusing on packaging user operations into transactions suitable for on-chain inclusion. As a networked component, it defines how bundlers discover, propagate, and prioritize user operations across a shared communication layer. Its design directly affects reliability, latency, and economic behavior in account abstraction systems.
Within this network, each bundler participates in a shared pool of pending user operations, often referred to as a bundler mempool, which is distinct from the blockchain’s native mempool. The bundler network establishes conventions for how these operations are validated at the network layer, how conflicts are handled, and how final bundles are formed for submission. It is an infrastructural abstraction that separates user operation handling from the base protocol’s transaction layer, while still ultimately relying on the underlying blockchain for final settlement. As a result, the bundler network is a critical network component for scaling and operationalizing account abstraction.
Context and Usage
In the context of account abstraction, the bundler network defines the off-chain coordination environment in which bundlers interact before any transaction reaches the blockchain. It provides a structured way for smart wallets to broadcast user operations to multiple independent bundlers, rather than relying on a single relay. This networked approach reduces dependence on any individual bundler and enables more robust competition and redundancy at the infrastructure layer. The behavior and topology of the bundler network influence how quickly and reliably user operations from smart wallets are picked up and processed.
The bundler network is closely tied to the concept of a bundler mempool, which represents the shared state of pending user operations visible to participating bundlers. It also underpins how account abstraction is realized in practice, by defining the communication and propagation rules that connect smart wallets to the settlement layer. As a network component, it is not a single protocol or contract but an emergent system formed by bundlers that follow compatible rules and interfaces. Its effectiveness depends on how well these participants coordinate, propagate data, and maintain consistent views of user operations across the network.