Definition
An epoch in blockchain is a discrete, recurring time interval used as a basic unit for organizing consensus-related activities and state updates. It segments the chain’s operation into fixed or protocol-defined periods during which validator sets, reward calculations, and certain protocol parameters are treated as stable, with potential adjustments typically recognized at epoch boundaries.
In Simple Terms
An epoch is a set period of time on a blockchain that the protocol uses as a checkpoint. During this period, the same group of validators is usually active, and the network tracks things like participation and rewards. When an epoch ends, the system can update who participates and how the state is recorded.
Context and Usage
The term epoch is commonly used in proof-of-stake blockchains to describe the cadence at which validator participation, staking balances, and consensus-related metrics are assessed. Discussions of security, finality conditions, and penalty mechanisms often reference epoch numbers. Protocol documentation, validator dashboards, and staking interfaces typically present data and events grouped or indexed by epoch.