Definition
The OP Stack is a standardized collection of software modules designed to create and run blockchains that follow the Optimism architecture. It defines how different layers of a blockchain system—such as execution, settlement, and data availability—fit together while relying on a base chain for security. As a concept, it describes both the technical components and the shared design principles that multiple networks can adopt. The OP Stack aims to make it easier to launch compatible chains that can interoperate within the same broader ecosystem.
At its core, the OP Stack provides a common blueprint for building optimistic rollup-style networks that post data and proofs to an underlying blockchain like Ethereum. Each layer in the stack focuses on a specific function, such as processing transactions or coordinating communication with the base chain. Because the components are modular and open source, different projects can customize parts of the stack while still remaining broadly compatible. This shared framework helps align upgrades, governance models, and technical standards across participating chains.
Context and Usage
The term OP Stack is often used to distinguish the underlying technology framework from any single network or token built with it. It refers to the common infrastructure that multiple chains can share, rather than a standalone blockchain. Projects that adopt the OP Stack typically position themselves as part of a larger ecosystem that benefits from similar security assumptions and upgrade paths. In discussions, the OP Stack is described as a foundation for scaling, coordination, and experimentation on top of an established base layer.
Because the OP Stack is modular, it can evolve over time as new components or layers are introduced, while keeping a consistent overall structure. This makes it a conceptual reference point for how Optimism-style systems are organized, even when specific implementations differ. When people talk about building on the OP Stack, they usually mean aligning with this standardized architecture so that their chain can integrate more easily with others that follow the same model. In this way, the OP Stack functions as both a technical toolkit and a shared conceptual standard for a family of related blockchains.