Definition
zk-STARK (Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent ARgument of Knowledge) is a class of zero-knowledge proof systems characterized by transparency, post-quantum security assumptions, and scalability properties. It enables a prover to convince a verifier that a computation was carried out correctly, without revealing the underlying inputs, using only publicly verifiable randomness and hash-based cryptographic primitives instead of trusted setup ceremonies or pairing-based assumptions.
In Simple Terms
zk-STARK is a cryptographic method that lets one party prove that a complex computation was done correctly, without showing the data used in that computation. It relies on public randomness and hash functions, and is designed to be efficient for large computations while avoiding special setup procedures.
Context and Usage
zk-STARK is discussed in the context of privacy-preserving cryptography, blockchain scalability, and verifiable computation. It appears in research on succinct proofs, rollup designs, and off-chain computation verification. The term is central in debates about trusted setup requirements, post-quantum security, and the trade-offs between different zero-knowledge proof systems used in decentralized networks and cryptographic protocols.